Widely used 'low-calorie' sweetener faces fresh questions after research

A widely used sugar substitute found in many “sugar-free” and keto-friendly products is under renewed scrutiny after new research suggested it may have unexpected effects on the brain and cardiovascular system.

What the new study found

Researchers from the University of Colorado report that erythritol — a common sugar alcohol — may affect the body in ways that go beyond its role as a low-calorie sweetener.

In laboratory tests, exposure to levels similar to those seen after consuming a single artificially sweetened drink appeared to increase oxidative stress and damage cells that help maintain the blood-brain barrier — a critical defense system that protects the brain from harmful substances.

The study also observed changes in key molecules that regulate blood vessel function, including reduced nitric oxide and increased endothelin-1, which can lead to narrowing of blood vessels and reduced blood flow.

Potential link to stroke risk

Beyond its impact on blood vessels, the research suggests erythritol may interfere with the body’s natural ability to break down blood clots.

Scientists found that it could inhibit the release of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a compound that helps dissolve clots before they become dangerous.

This mechanism is particularly significant because impaired clot breakdown is a known risk factor for strokes and other cardiovascular events.

Findings align with earlier research

The latest results build on previous large-scale observational studies that have linked higher levels of erythritol in the blood to an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.

Some research has suggested that individuals with elevated erythritol levels may face up to double the risk of major cardiovascular events, although such studies do not establish direct causation.

Widely used in ‘healthy’ products

Erythritol is commonly used in products marketed as healthier alternatives to sugar, including diet beverages, protein bars, and low-carb snacks.

Because it has little to no impact on blood sugar, it has become especially popular among people managing diabetes or following ketogenic diets.

Experts urge caution, not panic

While regulatory authorities currently classify erythritol as safe for consumption, researchers say the new findings highlight the need for further investigation into its long-term effects.

Experts stress that the results are based on laboratory conditions and should not be interpreted as definitive proof of harm in everyday use.

However, they do suggest that consumers may want to be mindful of how frequently they consume products containing artificial sweeteners.

More research needed

Scientists say larger clinical studies are required to better understand how erythritol behaves in the human body over time and whether it poses measurable health risks at typical consumption levels.

For now, the findings add to a growing body of research questioning whether sugar substitutes are always the healthier choice they are often perceived to be.