The writer is a student of Strategic Studies at National Defence University. She is also a researcher at the Kashmir Institute of International relations. She has also served as a research associate at the Institute of Strategic Studies, Islamabad
Since 2019, India’s hybrid warfare tactics in South Asia use information, cyber, and economic tools to shape narratives and pressure Pakistan—threatening safety, dignity, livelihoods and social cohesion.
The article argues that global disorder is emerging as a pattern: weakening deterrence, preemptive cross-border attacks, and normalized exceptional measures across South Asia and the Middle East.
