How to survive an acid attack: Emergency steps that can reduce permanent damage

LAHORE: The recent acid attack on a female doctor in Quetta has once again highlighted a question many people never expect to face: What should you do if acid is thrown on you or someone nearby? Medical experts say the first few minutes are critical. Quick action, especially immediate and prolonged flushing with water, can significantly reduce burns, scarring and the risk of blindness. Here is what everyone should know.

The first rule: Act immediately

An acid attack is a medical emergency. The chemical continues to burn the skin and eyes for as long as it remains in contact with the body. Every second matters.

Step 1: Get to water immediately

The most important action is to start flushing the affected area with large amounts of clean, cool running water.

Do not wait for an ambulance. Do not search for medicine. Do not waste time trying to identify the chemical.

Start rinsing immediately.

Step 2: Remove contaminated clothing

Carefully remove clothing, jewelry, watches, scarves or shoes that may have acid on them.

If clothing is stuck to the skin, do not pull it away forcefully. Continue flushing with water.

Step 3: Keep washing for at least 20–30 minutes

Many people make the mistake of rinsing for only a minute or two.

Continue pouring or running water over the affected area for at least 20 to 30 minutes. If possible, keep flushing until medical help arrives.

The goal is to dilute and wash away as much of the chemical as possible.

If acid gets into the eyes

Eye injuries can become permanent very quickly.

If acid enters the eyes:

• Hold the eyelids open.

• Flush continuously with clean water.

• Ensure water flows away from the unaffected eye.

• Remove contact lenses if they come out easily.

• Continue rinsing while seeking emergency medical care.

If you are helping a victim

Bystanders can make a huge difference.

• Move the victim away from the source of danger.

• Avoid direct contact with the chemical.

• Help remove contaminated clothing.

• Start flushing with water immediately.

• Call emergency services or arrange urgent transport to a hospital.

• Continue rinsing during transport if water is available.

What not to do

Avoid common mistakes that can worsen injuries:

❌ Do not rub the skin.

❌ Do not wipe the acid off with cloths or tissues.

❌ Do not apply toothpaste, butter, oils, creams, turmeric or home remedies.

❌ Do not attempt to neutralize the acid with another chemical.

❌ Do not place ice directly on burns.

Seek medical attention even if pain improves

Some injuries may appear less severe after washing but can continue damaging deeper tissues.

Anyone exposed to acid should receive urgent medical assessment, especially if:

• The face is affected.

• The eyes are involved.

• There is difficulty breathing.

• Large areas of skin are burned.

• The victim feels dizzy or weak.

The three words everyone should remember: Water, Remove and Continue.

• Water: Start flushing immediately.

• Remove: Take off contaminated clothing and jewelry.

• Continue: Keep rinsing for at least 20–30 minutes and get medical help.

In an acid attack, the first few minutes can determine the extent of injuries and the chances of preserving vision. Immediate and continuous washing with large amounts of water remains the most effective first aid measure. Knowing these simple steps could one day help save a face, an eye, or a life.